Question about determinism and quantum mechanics

Hello, I want to ask you as a physicist about the uncertainty principle. I don’t really understand the subject, but from what I understand: This principle means that a certain atom has a chance of being in place X and also a chance of being in place Y. In other words, it’s not really decided. How can we really relate this law to our world? After all, we test laws through experiments and observation. It’s hard for me to think of an experiment in which it is possible to show that an atom has a probability of being in one place or another, because in the end it will be in one place, for whatever reason. You also said in the debate with Aviv that if they prove that an atom is supposed to be in a certain place but it is in another place, this is, in your opinion, proof that it had “free choice” – so the question in short, to what extent does this law correspond to our findings? thanks