Dark matter and energy

Hello Rabbi,
I recently heard that there is an Israeli physics professor who proposed an alternative theory to Newton’s laws of gravity that can explain the speed of rotation of stars around galaxies without the need for dark matter.
In general, although Newton’s laws predict that the rotational speed of stars should decrease as the distance from the center of the galaxy increases, the speeds are found to remain almost constant – the rotation curves are described as “flat”. This observation requires at least one of the following two conclusions:
(1) There are large amounts of invisible matter in galaxies, which increase the speed of stars beyond what would be expected from visible mass alone, or
(2) Newton’s laws do not apply to galaxies.

I’m curious to hear which of the two options above you lean towards and why?
Best regards,