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Popper vs. Con

שו”תCategory: philosophyPopper vs. Con
asked 4 months ago

Hello,
Several times I have heard, both from Rabbi and from many places, the supposed debate between Popper and Kuhn about the nature of a scientific theory, but in practice I don’t understand why there is even a debate. It sounds as if they are talking about a different plane (philosophical versus psychological).
Popper defines what a scientific theory is even before we look at the laboratory: a theory must have falsifiability to be considered scientific. He defines a metaphysical-philosophical guideline: what defines the boundaries of science, what is the distinction between “real” science and a story or metaphysics that has no testable potential. In practice, I understand that we will not always act this way, but ideally this is how it should be done.
Kuhn, on the other hand, gives a more psychological-sociological description. He describes how scientists actually think and behave: within an existing paradigm they “complete puzzles” (puzzle-solving) and do not immediately look for refutation possibilities. He explains where the need to break into a new paradigm (“crisis”, “anomaly”) comes from – it is a matter of community and psychological dynamics, not of an abstract criterion. For him, the decision to abandon a theory is a gradual process, which depends on accepted methodologies within the paradigm.
What does the rabbi think?
 


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מיכי Staff answered 4 months ago
This is what is commonly thought, but it is not true. Kuhn’s thesis has a philosophical-logical significance, not just a sociological one. A theory that explains many things and is credible, it is not right to refute it because of one or two counterexamples. You can search here on the site, for example, for a column that explains the dispute between Rabbi and Shimon Ha-Amsoni regarding “Fear the Lord your God.”

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Moshe Sellam replied 4 months ago

The truth is, right after the lesson you gave about Shimon Ha-Amsoni in your series on commandments and omens, I remembered that this topic had bothered me in the past and I raised this question here. In any case, I think I understand what you're saying, which is actually a philosophical-logical principle. I mean, the fact that it was supposedly refuted does not mean yet that the theory has been ruled out (after it was seen to have a lot of confirmation from other directions) because it is likely that this contradiction can be resolved.

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