The unknown person spoke in a scientific error.

Let’s assume for the sake of the question that the Talmud had the status of the Great Court in Jerusalem. The Talmud made a scientific error and determined that the Divine Presence is not a cow and a ram, but is created from dust, and as a result, it ruled that it is permissible to kill lice on Shabbat. The majority of the Jewish people listened to it and killed lice on Shabbat. A court will be established today and will determine, in light of the new scientific findings, that the Divine Presence is a cow and a ram, and therefore it is forbidden to kill lice on Shabbat. Should the sacrifice of the young man be brought as a public matter for the scientific oversight that led to the enforcement of the commandment to kill lice on Shabbat, or is it rape and the young man’s bull brought as a matter solely for an oversight in the study?
And in general, when do we distinguish between a legitimate dispute and a clerical error?