Time and space

Hello, the concept of time and space intrigues me and confuses me. I don’t have time to look into the subject and I would be happy if the Rabbi could clear up some of the confusion on the matter. As a teenager, I liked the proof of Rasadia Gaon against the antiquity of the world, the proof that if the world is ancient, then thought could not ascend the timeline to the beginning, and if so, how did time and actions end up in our current existence? I understand that this is a naive concept of time, but it is close to common sense. How did Aristotle, who argued for antiquity, understand the concept of time? What did Leibniz and Newton disagree about regarding time? And does the concept of time have anything to do with the question of continuity in nature?
thanks