Q&A: Torah Study Oriented Toward Practice
Torah Study Oriented Toward Practice
Question
Hello Rabbi,
In Bava Kamma 16b it says:
“And they did him honor in his death”—this teaches that they established a session of study at his grave. Rabbi Nathan and the Rabbis disagreed about it: one said three days, one said seven, and some say thirty. The Rabbis taught: “And they did him honor in his death”—this refers to Hezekiah king of Judah, before whom thirty-six thousand bare-shouldered men went out, according to Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Nehemiah said to him: But they did the same before Ahab! Rather, they placed a Torah scroll on his bier and said: This one fulfilled what is written in this one. But nowadays too we do this! We take it out, but we do not place it down. And if you want, say: We also place it down, but we do not say, ‘This one fulfilled…’ Rabbah bar bar Hana said: I would go with Rabbi Yohanan to ask a teaching; when he would go into the bathroom and I would ask him something, he would not answer us until he washed his hands and put on tefillin and recited a blessing, and only then said to us: We may even say ‘he fulfilled,’ but we do not say ‘he taught.’ But didn’t the master say: Great is Torah study, for study leads to practice! This is not difficult: this is with regard to learning, that is with regard to teaching.”
I remember that your understanding of “Torah study is greater because it leads to practice” is that when the study is oriented toward practice, then it is a kind of study that is greater than practice. How, in your opinion, should the Gemara above be understood, and how does it fit with your view about Torah study oriented toward practice?
At one time I thought of another possible way to understand the Gemara, that “Torah study is greater because it leads to practice” works as follows:
If I only fulfill the Torah without studying it, suppose that has value X.
If I only study the Torah without fulfilling it, suppose that has value Y.
The claim is that when I study, I will presumably in any case come to fulfill the Torah as well (since study leads to practice—that is, it causes a person to want to fulfill the Torah he learned), and so I gain X+Y.
But when I only fulfill, that does not lead to study (in depth) of the Torah, and so I gain only X.
Mathematically: X+Y)>X), with Y of course being positive.
Answer
On the contrary: the Gemara’s question there is that if study leads to practice, that means practice is more important (see Rashi and Tosafot). And therefore the medieval authorities (Rishonim) really do ask here how this fits with the passage in Kiddushin, where Torah study is greater because it leads to practice, and they answer it in several ways.
According to Tosafot, the fact that it says “he fulfilled” teaches us by implication that he also studied (otherwise he would not have fulfilled), so this does not necessarily relate to the hierarchy of importance. Your explanation also fits in here very well, of course, because if he fulfilled, then he necessarily also studied, and then you have the double value.