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Q&A: Slippery Slope Arguments – David Enoch

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Slippery Slope Arguments – David Enoch

Question

David Enoch published an article on slippery slope arguments, and it has been mentioned here on the site several times. I would like to hear your opinion about his argument (which has not convinced me so far, mainly because of trivial objections that Enoch himself raises there). Of course, I am trying to present his view faithfully, but given the limits of my understanding and the extreme brevity required, one cannot expect too much. So I am asking about the argument as it will be presented here, which, as noted, has appeared on the site several times, whether or not this is exactly what Enoch wrote. If further elaboration would be preferable (for example, on the relation to sorites-paradox arguments), I can add more of what Enoch writes there. https://academic.oup.com/ojls/article-abstract/21/4/629/1459375
A. [Chapter 2 of the article] What is the slipperiness being discussed? Suppose that act A is in itself legitimate, and act Z is in itself illegitimate, and we are aware of the distinction between them. Now we worry that carrying out act A will lead us, through a gradual process, to do act Z as well, even though we are currently aware of the principled distinction between A and Z. Why? It may be that our very judgment will become blurred, and it may be that a difficulty of weakness of will will grow stronger. That is, there is an assumption here—and this is “the basic assumption” in slippery slope arguments—that we are not always successful at conducting ourselves in accordance with the relevant distinction.
B. [Chapter 3 of the article] A slippery slope argument depends, among other things, on the degree of slipperiness. When the degree of slipperiness is high, this is a strong slippery slope argument that we think it is right to use. When the degree of slipperiness is low, this is a weak slippery slope argument that we think it is not right (and sometimes even bad and harmful) to use. It is quite hard to distinguish between degrees of slipperiness, and therefore there is significant slipperiness between strong slippery slope arguments (A) and weak slippery slope arguments (Z). Therefore, proper use of strong slippery slope arguments may lead us to improper use of weak slippery slope arguments. Therefore, it is not advisable to use even strong slippery slope arguments. This is a slippery slope argument against slippery slope arguments, and therefore the only consistent approach is to avoid slippery slope arguments.
C. [Continuation of Chapter 3] 1. A false slippery slope argument has costs, because sometimes it forbids something that in itself is proper and necessary. 2. The degree of slipperiness between degrees of slipperiness is high, as can be seen from the fact that a great deal of literature is devoted to criticism of flawed slippery slope arguments. [End of Chapter 4] 3. In his view, a blanket avoidance of the use of slippery slope arguments has, overall, better results than using both strong slippery slope arguments and weak ones.
 

Answer

A. I don’t see any counterargument here. Indeed, we are not always successful, and we are also not always aware of the difference between these acts. Especially when we are talking about a public made up of many people.
B. Nonsense, of course. A slippery slope argument is not mandatory, meaning we do not always use it. It depends on the expected damage and the likelihood of reaching it, as against the damage caused by the present avoidance.
C. Same as above. This is not a matter of absolute use, nor of absolute avoidance.
In short, these arguments are just empty pilpul.

Discussion on Answer

Tolginus (2021-04-01)

(The argument is in section B. The rest is preface and continuation. I followed the order of the article. Hope I didn’t do him a disservice.)
Well, actually that’s also what I think about the matter.
By the way, Enoch deals there with this obvious qualification (that the argument is not mandatory and that one weighs the overall comparison of the expected outcomes), and it seems that he states that in his view a blanket avoidance of slippery slope arguments leads overall to better results than the current use made of them. And that each specific slippery slope argument has to be more successful than the general slippery slope argument he proposed. In any case, this argument is a nice little musing, and since it was mentioned here several times I innocently thought you held it in much higher regard.

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