Question

To the Rabbi, greetings.

A. In Sanhedrin 78b, in the passage about “ten people struck him,” Rabbi Yohanan says, “and both of them expounded the same verse,” etc.
Rava said, “all agree,” etc. And it is difficult: about what did Rabbi Yochanan ben Beroka and Rabbi Yohanan disagree — in reasoning, or in the verse? See the Yad Ramah, who wrote that Rabbi Yohanan and Rava disagreed about whether Rabbi Yochanan ben Beroka and Rabbi Yohanan disagreed about the verse or about reasoning. (And see Tosafot, which apparently does not explain it that way.)
But it is difficult for the Yad Ramah, because later it says, “the tanna taught before Rav Sheshet,” etc.: “when he strikes any person,” etc., and this proves like Rabbi Yohanan, that they disagreed about the verse. So how can Rava disagree with a Mishnah? (And “the tanna taught” certainly means an actual Mishnah or baraita.) This seems to prove Tosafot.

B. In Sanhedrin 85b, in the Mishnah: “one who strikes his father or mother,” etc. Then: “all the more so — if with regard to one who strikes, where it made [the law apply] even to one who is not among your people,” etc. This works out according to Rabbi Yonatan, etc. But according to Rabbi Yoshiya, from where does he derive it? My difficulty is: perhaps Rabbi Yoshiya learned it from the a fortiori argument of the tanna of the baraita, even though the tanna of the Mishnah disagrees (see Rashi).

I study in a yeshiva, and now during the break I have time to learn, and some of the rabbis didn’t know the answer, but mostly they just ignored it. I should say in the Rabbi’s merit that you gave me back the desire to learn Talmud after a long time in which I hadn’t learned.
Thanks in advance.