Since when does Jewish law take academic research into account? According to genetic studies, it turns out Yemenites aren’t Jewish, and even Moroccans from the Atlas Mountains aren’t. On the other hand, the Samaritans are completely Jewish even though Jewish law does not regard them as Jews.
If we go by research, a large part of Jewish law collapses. Jewish law has its own logic, since rabbis have the authority to change and establish rules according to the rules of Jewish law.
And in general, the transgressions that secular people commit every day are much more severe than intermarriage.

“There was one whom they called ‘the son of the Aramean woman’—because his mother had not immersed for the sake of conversion—and Rav Asi said: Did she not immerse for her menstruation?!” Yevamot 45

It is obvious that the historical question is not important; the issue could be resolved on the basis of conversion law.

What’s the problem if the Rabbi can look into the topic for me..?
After all, I made the effort and wrote a very detailed question

And I also saw that the Rabbi already wrote about it in the past

I wrote that the problem is that I currently have no ability to check the facts you mentioned. What this rabbi or that rabbi thought doesn’t make any difference to me. Their level of commandment observance is also irrelevant. The only relevant datum you brought is the genetic correlation, and that needs to be examined both factually and halakhically. I did not write about this in the past, since as I said, I am not knowledgeable in this topic.

As far as the genetic testing goes, this was carried out several times on large groups of Ethiopians in Israel, and it was found unequivocally that they have no genetic connection at all to the Jewish people. Not even a single person.
Their genetics and DNA are completely identical to the gentiles in Africa.
That proves unequivocally that they are not of Jewish seed or from the original tribe of Dan.
Whereas all the other communities have Jewish genetics.

It’s only important to note that they immigrated to Israel on the sole basis that a Sephardic halakhic decisor ruled that they are from the tribe of Dan and do not need conversion. And today it has become clear that this was a big mistake.
In addition to Beta Israel, another 80,000 Falashmura came, who are certainly complete gentiles according to all opinions.

From a halakhic standpoint, I can send you documents in which the Chief Rabbinate ruled that when there is doubt about a person’s Jewishness, he should be sent for genetic testing because it is highly reliable.
Regarding Ethiopian immigration there is enormous doubt, because aside from one minority Sephardic decisor, most rabbis ruled unequivocally that they are gentiles.

This is a matter of national disaster and a danger to the existence of the state, of intermarriage.
Every few years they bring up more Christians from there posing as Jews. Even though in 2010 the rabbis signed that there were no Falashmura left there.
If the Rabbi wants to help Judaism, and not just a little, I would appreciate it if you could examine and check these things.

That is a complete lie. There are genetic studies showing a deep connection between Ethiopian Jews and Tigrayans and populations from the Levant and the rest of world Jewry, especially North Africans and Ashkenazim and Sephardim.

And here are a few of those studies
Haber, M. et al. “Afroasiatic-speaking populations from North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and West Asia are genetically connected.” Mol. Biol. Evol. 2018 35: 5-18.
Kornberg, A. et al. “Characterizing the genetic connection of Ethiopian Jews and evaluating genetic ancestry inference methods.” Scientific Reports 2020 10: 11592.
And really a whole host of many genetic studies proving connections between Ethiopian Jews and the rest of world Jewry, and recently many newer genetic studies are coming out on Ethiopian Jews, for example https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2023/02/24/the-sudan-connection-are-ethiopian-jews-descendants-of-the-ancient-israelites/
A study that came out just a few weeks ago in 2023 that investigates the history of Ethiopian Jews and their genetics and possible sources of that community. So before you say that every source says Ethiopian Jews are not Jews, you’d be better off doing a bit of research. Besides, Jewishness is not determined by genetics. We are a Jewish nation. Even among Ashkenazim and Sephardim and Mizrahim, you won’t always find distinctively Jewish genetics, and there are many Ashkenazim who did DNA tests and came out 100% European. And there are also Russians in Israel who don’t know a single thing about Judaism—they probably ate pork and drank wine and did not observe any purity practices or communal continuity like Ethiopian Jews. Those were 100% gentiles, and there are many כאלה in Israel today, including near where I live, who are basically not Jews, and today half the Mizrahim marry their daughters with blue eyes and blond hair.

To tell people who lived for thousands upon thousands of years as Jews and fought for the very existence of Jews in Ethiopia that they are not Jews is horrifying, it’s unimaginable.
Especially given the facts that some of them were slaughtered, some fled, some were discriminated against, some were humiliated and cursed for being Israelites, as Falashas, as foreigners. Ethiopian Jews also were not very accepted economically—for example, my grandmother was not allowed to take land that a non-Jew could take, because she was not one of them, she was an invading Israelite. And then when they come to Israel, they come to the Land of Israel, they come to Jerusalem, and you with your big nose come and tell this Judaism that it isn’t Jewish. That is of course disregard on every level, and I’m not the one saying it—the world says it, Ethiopia says it, and Israel says it too. And the Ethiopian community suffers here and suffered there, because there is no place to escape and we are not accepted, and that is a very sad truth. Ethiopian Jewry is a Judaism with a very great history. A lot of people aren’t even interested in them, but when you do take an interest, you’ll understand that this is how your ancestors lived in the First Temple period, and so too did they. Ethiopian Jews are unquestionably full Jews. I’m really fed up.

Eliya,
The studies you pointed to are excellent and important. But the claims about insult and being fed up, and the claims based on the suffering Ethiopian Jews went through, are not substantive arguments. If the truth is that they are not Jews, then the suffering does not convert them. And if they are Jews, then they are Jews even without the suffering. Every question needs to be discussed on its merits. Exactly as I would not accept that a person who suffered in the Holocaust is Jewish because he suffered. If the truth is that he is not Jewish (for example, if only his father is Jewish). Suffering, with all due respect, has its place, but a Jew is someone born to a Jewish mother or one who converted according to Jewish law, not someone who suffered for his Judaism.

Ethiopian Jewry is the clearest proof of preserving Jewish identity, and an even greater proof that First Temple Judaism was preserved. To erase an entire Judaism in East Africa is unimaginable, totally unimaginable, and it’s an absurd erasure of history. In short, in the end only the truth wins. And to say that among Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jews there was no mixing with local populations is a complete lie, because there was, and that is proven, and there were places on a very large scale. And remember, the Nazis didn’t need DNA to know who was Jewish and who wasn’t.

And just for the record, from the standpoint of DNA genetics, all human beings originate in Africa, and so do you, white Jew—you were formed in Africa. And every Ashkenazi too, and Abraham our forefather too according to genetic research is from Africa, and every human being on earth in short. So that’s a pretty important detail for you to know.

And it’s also important to know that you’re talking about ancient writings and tefillin and mezuzot, but not taking into account one fact: Ethiopian Jews were persecuted. Some moved from place to place, some were slaughtered, some were humiliated, and some were burned together with all their sacred books. Ethiopian Jews were not very wealthy, they were distant and ostracized, most of them worked in blacksmithing and similar trades, which was considered shameful, so their economic situation also did not allow them to celebrate many holidays. And when you don’t live well, you try to find options or even get closer to wealthier people and learn. And that’s mainly what caused the erasure of many signs of Ethiopian Jewish life, and it also caused local cultures to be added to Ethiopian Jewish culture. So those are also details people need to know, and not just say they didn’t have tefillin and so on, without taking into account the place, the geography, the history, the archaeology, and their culture.

Today in Israel you have 1.2 million Russian “Jews,” 72% of whom are not Jews at all. And just to remind you, in Israel there are 144,000 Ethiopian Jews who preserved their culture, preserved purity-related practices in their own way, preserved their Torah, prayed, and so many other things that characterize the Ethiopian Jewish community as Jews. But those Russians who arrived are not Jews—they knew nothing about Judaism. I had a Russian kid in my class who ate pastrami and drank chocolate milk, just so you understand the situation, while I, an Ethiopian whom you say is not Jewish, have eaten kosher all my life. My mother and father said six hours between injera and siga (meat) and eating cornflakes with milk, and of course I did not eat crab, nor did my parents or my whole family and my generations, and we did not eat pork. But of course we’re the blacks—that’s the simple reason, because blond white people with blue eyes who eat pork are more Jewish. And today half of Tel Aviv is atheist, and they are the Jews—those who don’t believe in religion, not in God, and don’t believe in any religious direction whatsoever. But of course they’re pretty whites, so what difference does it make. They present Jews as the beautiful whites, and black Jews need to be pushed to the back with their Jewishness in doubt. And it’s also important to point out that Ethiopian Jews, after immigrating to Israel, were not Christians—not one of them became Christian. On the contrary, there were those who became rabbis and kessim, like my father, who was that way all his life, religious also in Ethiopia, but he became even stronger in his faith, goes to Torah study, prays, makes kiddush, just everything, absolutely everything. But of course he isn’t the Jew here—the white man from the Soviet Union who eats pork is.

**** Deleted due to inappropriate personal remarks. M.A. *****

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“King Messiah… says to Israel: In this month you will be redeemed. They say to him: How shall we be redeemed? Has not the Holy One, blessed be He, already sworn that He would subject us under seventy nations?… And he says to them: One of you was exiled to Barbary, and one of you was exiled to Samatria. It is as if all of you were exiled.” (Song of Songs Rabbah)
There is no reason to cast doubt on our Jewishness. Regarding the Falashmura, I partially agree with you, but many of them are descendants of Jews, or only their father is Jewish and their mothers converted, so the vast majority of them are Jews or converts.
Open your eyes and go visit yeshivot and kollels and you will see people who returned to observance from Beta Israel who did not convert and they are Torah scholars, and everyone in the yeshivot acknowledges this. You haven’t known us; I’m sure you’ve never spoken to a single Ethiopian in your life. If we were gentiles, we would not have had commandments at all, and we also would not have wanted to be part of you, and we would hate you like the rest of the gentiles. And as for genetics, who cares at all? You have so much inaccuracy, especially in things like this. If you learned a little about DNA, you would understand that it cannot be relied on—maybe in cases of father and son, paternity clarification, etc.—because as far as a Jewish gene goes, everything can change over 2,500 years. Who says that to begin with we even had similar DNA? We are from other tribes, whereas you were two tribes for the most part (Benjamin and Judah and a few Levites).
In Midrash HaGadol it is said:
Hushim son of Dan was called Shoham. And Hushim—why was he also called Shoham? Because his body was dark and he was hard of hearing.
So according to my reasoning, that is why we are dark-skinned and why we did not have the Oral Torah, only the Written Torah, because it comes through hearing and speaking, and Hushim did not have that. “The deeds of the fathers are a sign for the children,” even though only three are called fathers (Berakhot 16), but you get the point. And I won’t even get into the words of the leading sage of the generation, Maran Ovadia Yosef of blessed memory, in Yabia Omer part 8, where it was ruled that we are Jews from the tribe of Dan without doubt, in the responsa “David?” Whether the Radbaz saw Midrash HaGadol, which was written down in Yemen around that same period, and said that because they are dark-skinned they are Jews—I don’t think so. It makes sense that our later rabbis were great sages of our generation and the divine spirit rested upon them. Did they not see at the root of the soul? Surely they did see, and they ruled that we are from the tribe of Dan. Not only that—they redeemed us when we were sold into slavery by the Christian Ethiopians who sold some of us to Egypt. Rabbi Ovadia of Bertinoro also testifies to this.
And there are many more testimonies about us from the era of the later authorities.
And Chabad—I heard several testimonies that there are children of a gentile mother and a Jewish father who never even underwent conversion and are raised as fully Jewish in every respect—many Russians and Ukrainians. Even the Jews there, I would not call Jews: they eat meat and milk, God forbid, and also “other” things, woe is me, and they accept them as Jews. Look at what happened in Europe: they literally invented a new religion—secularism. Who ever heard of remaining Jewish but not observing commandments? That’s something white Jews invented, and they influenced and corrupted both the Eastern communities and us, the younger generation of Ethiopians. The educated and enlightened European Jew influenced very badly. Apparently that’s what is called the “mixed multitude.” I don’t mean everyone, but all those leftists who were once Zionists in the kibbutzim, who used to cut off their own sidelocks and those of Mizrahim, and caused secularization and desecration among the Jewish people on a scale that had not existed in history. The camel does not look at its own hump. Let’s say that among us, even the Christians in Ethiopia who hated us still in the end were fond of us when we arrived in their land, and therefore to this day they eat only pure animals—the influence we had there was strong. But in the latter days that worked against us: Christianity came to Ethiopia, and with it also hatred of Jews. The gentiles there, who are mainly not descendants of Ham—you should know the Amharas, the large ethnic nation in Ethiopia, are Shemites, even though they are black; they descended from Sheba, who was a descendant of Shem through his father and Ham through his mother. In any case, that is the origin of the gentiles in Ethiopia. There are also other tribes like the Agaw who are descendants of Ham in every sense, but the Amharas and Tigrayans, I am speaking about the Christians, are descended from Shem son of Noah. That is also why their languages, Amharic and Tigrinya, are Semitic languages—languages that we adopted because Torah scrolls in Hebrew were taken from us and burned, and slowly Hebrew also disappeared. But we had the entire Hebrew Bible in Ge’ez, an ancient language that is strikingly similar to Aramaic. Maybe we did not have the rabbinic holidays, but for example we did have the Fast of Esther and the fast of the Ninth of Av, things that were instituted later. My ancestors did everything in their power to remain attached to the Jewish people and to tradition. I’m not talking to you about Torah-level holidays; those we observed, perhaps not exactly according to your customs, like a Passover plate for example. We went into exile in the First Temple period and were separated for thousands of years, but we tried as much as possible to survive in exile until the redemption would come and we would return to the land. We distinguished ourselves from them in every way. We even had a ruling that anyone who touched a gentile, even a slight touch, had to immerse. That reminds one of the enactment of the Sages who decreed that gentiles are treated as zavim. And this is how you belittle our efforts. In my humble opinion, Rabbi Shach and Rabbi Elyashiv—great Torah scholars as they were, and who knows this better than I do, I studied their Torah through my rosh yeshiva, who was a student of Rabbi Shach in Ponevezh, and he would tell us many stories about him and his greatness—but in my humble opinion this was a mistake to rule that way. I always know there will be questions and difficulties; certainly it is not a trivial matter. But in the end it was a great and bitter mistake. But I forgive them with a full heart, even though it is not my place at all to speak about the great sages of the generation. And much of my Torah is also from my rosh yeshiva, and he learned from Rabbi Shach. It is wonderful to see how God turns everything around in a perfect and beautiful way. In any case, for entire generations those uncircumcised Amharas killed and massacred us, and you want to tell me that we are part of them? Don’t make me laugh. We are Beta Israel and will remain so until the redemption!
Let’s trust in the Holy One, blessed be He, and in our holy rabbis. We are not here for nothing. The Messiah will come from the tribe of Judah and from the tribe of Dan, like King David, peace be upon him.

Everything you wrote is nonsense. There is archaeological evidence in areas where Ethiopian Jews lived, and beyond that, what the hell is a DNA test that shows they are Israelites? How can you see religion in a DNA test?
If you’re talking about the fact that their roots over the years show Africa, that’s very logical. The destruction of the First Temple was thousands of years ago, so if Ethiopian Jews have been in Africa for thousands of years, then obviously on a DNA test you’ll see African markers. By the way, I want to turn the question back on you: 1,500 years ago a king in Europe, in the kingdom of Khazaria, decided that everyone under his rule had to conduct themselves like Jews. Of course they did not undergo a conversion process or circumcision. What stops you from questioning their Jewishness? What, because they came from the successful continent then there is no doubt about their Jewishness? Were there DNA tests 1,500 years ago? So much nonsense is written here! If you research, you can question everyone’s Jewishness. The proof of the Ethiopian people is their preserving tradition for thousands of years according to the Torah of God, and not according to the additions you added over the years…

After this war one can say that the Ethiopians are part of our brothers, they are blood of our blood. Many of them fell defending the homeland, and that is beyond dispute.

Again the same issue?
If Ethiopians are Jews—there is no connection to the war.
And if not, there is also no connection to the war.
In your opinion, presumably the Druze and some of the Bedouin are also blood of our blood (Jews), with no dispute about that.

Regarding the gentile Russians who immigrated to Israel in droves, mentioned earlier in the thread—this is of course evidence to the contrary. For they really are not Jews, and many important people (especially the Rebbe of Lubavitch, who was born in Ukraine) fought against bringing those gentiles to Israel and against registering them as Jews.
It should be recalled that the struggle over the law of “Who is a Jew” was born decades before the immigration from Ethiopia and had nothing to do with them.

As Rabbi Michi wrote, this should be discussed only on its own merits.

In Russia there were huge Jewish communities(!), and later in some of them there was extensive assimilation.
Masses of Jews indeed merited to immigrate to Israel, and masses of gentiles attached themselves to them, exploiting loopholes in the law (intentionally left there) and also immigrating to Israel.
If you meet Russian Jews up close (even nonreligious ones), you will hear from many of them criticism of the massive immigration of Russian gentiles.

The strongest proof that can be learned from Ethiopian Jews is that the Torah is passed from father to son and not from a rabbi’s Jewish law. A rabbi is a new concept that was used for various issues, and the Jews of the Diaspora adopted it and inserted it into the Torah of Israel as a description of a great spiritual person. Ethiopian Jews have customs from the First Temple period that the rest of the Diaspora Jews in the world do not have, and there are even customs among the other Diaspora Jews that contradict the Torah itself. Likewise, in the Torah the land of Cush is mentioned more times than all the lands of Europe including the Arab lands. The archaeology and the peoples of that country, Ethiopia, testify that Beta Israel were foreigners, and because of this the Falashas were persecuted by the locals for thousands of years, which proves to us that the Falashas are not the natives of Ethiopia/Cush.
The claims regarding articles and genetic affiliation, at least from my impression, focus on why Ethiopian Jews are not Jews, and there is hardly any discussion of why they are Jews. With all due respect to the rabbis you mentioned, and there is a great deal of respect toward them, the Radbaz lived roughly 400 years ago and explicitly says that Ethiopian Jews are from the tribe of Dan. Meaning that Rabbi Ovadia Yosef’s ruling of blessed memory had already been ruled by the Radbaz before the establishment of the state. And if we add Eldad the Danite to all this, no matter what argument or article they bring tomorrow, there is a big question mark here, and in my opinion it is almost impossible to refute these strong arguments.
The mention of Ethiopian Jews appears very many times throughout history, from rabbis to kingdoms and the local peoples in those lands around the world. DNA tests are a product of science, and everyone knows that science is renewed every day, discovering and contradicting itself almost daily.
In order to rely on science and DNA tests, human beings would first have to know what the DNA of Abraham our forefather was, in order to give weight to these scientific findings and tests. In addition, the Torah speaks at all about the affiliation of an Israelite son according to his father rather than his mother. This can be seen in the affiliation of the 12 tribes to the 12 sons of Jacob, and in the promise of the Creator to Abraham our forefather that from him a great nation would arise, and afterward Isaac and Jacob. And the sign we still see today is that a person’s family name is determined by his father’s name and not his mother’s.
The Israelites lived in Egypt in harsh slavery for 400 years. According to the climate of that land, one can understand without doubt that their skin color was darker because of the hot climate.
In any case, identity, faith, and hope of more than 2,500 years are not expressed in scientific tests, and the proofs regarding Ethiopian Jews and their connection to the Jewish people are stronger than the claims that they are not connected to the Jewish people.
In addition to all this, Ethiopian Jews can claim that דווקא the other Diaspora Jews are not from the Jewish people, and that the genetic connection among the other Jewish Diasporas in the world is due to the fact that they are Khazars, and that is why there is a genetic connection between them.
With customs, historical evidence, and peoples claiming that Ethiopian Jews are foreigners whose origin is the Jewish people, this cannot be argued with, even if they bring thousands of articles claiming otherwise.
I do not understand why Ethiopian Jews would preserve and sacrifice their lives for more than 2,500 years for an identity/Judaism that is not theirs, and according to my examination and assessment Ethiopian Jews are closer to the original Jewish people than any other Jews we know today.
The other Diaspora Jews adopt Jewish law while the Jewish people were exiled and persecuted for hundreds of years by great nations, and there were periods when the Jewish people hardly observed commandments for fear of being caught, while Ethiopian Jews sacrificed their lives for thousands of years for the sanctification of God’s name.

Your facts are not correct.
I ask that you check for yourself whether a DNA study was ever conducted on the Ethiopian community.
It’s simply a pile of nonsense; this was never conducted.

And even if it was, that would still not be proof.