Q&A: Difficulties in Faith
Difficulties in Faith
Question
Biblical criticism is a field whose literary engagement within the religious world is not broad enough.
There are many contradictions in the biblical text itself, and the vast majority of Bible scholars hold that the Torah is a combination of different sources from different periods.
As a result, I find it difficult to understand how one can be convinced that this is a text that was entirely—or at least for the most part—given to Moses our Teacher by God.
After all, throughout history many religions have arisen, and all of them claim to have a sacred text of divine origin.
Why should I accept דווקא the Jewish claim? What is different here?
I have read many of your answers, including substantial parts of your book The First Existing Being, in which you deal with the question of religious faith.
Still, I did not find there a sufficient engagement with biblical criticism and with the difficulties that arise from the lack of external archaeological and historical evidence supporting the traditional theory.
At times I feel that you tend—even if not intentionally—to wave away the claims of the biblical critics, arguing that they have an agenda, or casting doubt on the reliability of what they say—without directly addressing the main arguments themselves.
I would be glad to ask a few focused questions:
- How do you explain the fact that the vast majority of Bible scholars deny the claim that the Torah was given to Moses about 3,300 years ago, and hold that it was written over the generations by different human beings? Do you not find their arguments persuasive—and if so, why?
- How do you explain the fact that according to most scholars, biblical Hebrew itself was only formed several hundred years after the period in which, according to tradition, the Torah was given?
-
You usually say that there is no contradiction between belief in God and evolution, because one can argue that God brought about the process. However, that claim does not deal with the gap between the creation story, in which it is explicitly stated that the world was created about 5,786 years ago, and the scientific findings.
The claim that this is a parable is not persuasive to me: why would God distort the facts so blatantly, if His intention was that people would still believe the text thousands of years later?
(I am asking this sincerely, not provocatively.)
I would be very grateful if you could help me understand these things, or at least point me in the right direction for thinking about them.
I greatly appreciate your work and your integrity, and I hope that this time too you will be able to help me.
Answer
If you read what I wrote in The First Existing Being, I have nothing to add. I stated there at the outset that I am not expert in those arguments, and that is not only because of lack of time but also because I do not have much confidence in their methodology or their conclusions. The field is saturated with speculation and agendas, full of disputes, and it is clear that each person pulls in the direction his heart inclines. But beyond that, I also am not alarmed by the claim that there are later additions to the biblical text and that it was edited in the generations after it was given. What matters to me primarily is the very fact that there was an interaction with the Holy One, blessed be He.
If this still troubles you, it would be worth turning to people who deal with this. There are quite a few. Rabbis Amnon Bazak, Yoel Bin Nun, Yaakov Medan, Elchanan Samet, and religious researchers such as Yehuda Schwartz and others. There is also Meir Ovadia, who is very knowledgeable and has dealt with all these questions (he wrote here and there on this site as well, and there are also talks by him online).