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Q&A: Jew vs. the Seven Noahide Commandments

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Jew vs. the Seven Noahide Commandments

Question

Why, as Jews, should we aspire for the gentiles to be—are we aiming for them to become Jews, or are we aiming “only” for them to keep the seven Noahide commandments?

Answer

It is commonly assumed that the aspiration is for them to keep their seven commandments. That is their obligation, and they have no obligation to keep the 613 commandments. 

Discussion on Answer

Haim (2020-05-05)

Isn’t that a bit intuitively difficult? After all, intuitively it would seem that if we are the ideal from our perspective, then that should also be the ideal with respect to the gentiles…

Rational (Relatively) (2020-05-05)

Hello Haim,
According to the “special quality of Israel” school of the Maharal of Prague, the gentiles were created from the outset in such a way that they were obligated only in the 7 commandments—the 70 nations were created corresponding to nature, while the Jewish people were created as a nation sanctified to the Holy One, blessed be He.
Ramchal, Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi, and the Gra say similar things—that ever since the sin of Adam, in the end there had to be a particular nation that was “suited” to keep His 613 commandments, whereas the others are obligated only in rational and basic commandments.
According to this school, there is no question at all, because the Holy One, blessed be He, wants there to be one nation that keeps the 613 commandments, and He is not interested in the other nations doing so.

If we do not accept these basic assumptions (and I am also skeptical about them), there still is not much of a difficulty—after all, in many situations it is unbearably difficult even for a Jew to keep the 613 commandments, so why should we expect the whole world to reach that same religious level? (Especially since the world itself, even before religious obligation, is steeped in serious basic moral problems.)

But if I am not mistaken, there are minority opinions in the Talmud and among the medieval authorities (Rishonim) saying that in the future all the gentiles will convert (the Ran writes this, if I am not mistaken).
And even among some people in the “special quality of Israel” camp, there are those who think that as the world advances—and when the Jews are at the height of their perfection—the gentiles will adopt the commandments. Rabbi Sherki said this once in one of his lectures, and also brought a view from the Magen Avraham that there is a situation in which a gentile can accept certain commandments upon himself before a religious court.

Rational (Relatively) (2020-05-05)

The Ra'ah*

Haim (2020-05-05)

You could ask the same question about the Jews themselves—why should everyone be obligated? The answers you brought aren’t all that satisfying… And regarding the first answer you gave—Rabbi Michael says that it’s not at all clear what that “special quality of Israel” is, and it’s doubtful whether it’s really something real.

What is true is that I know Rabbi Sherki is currently working around the world to get gentiles to keep the 7 Noahide commandments..

Michi (2020-05-05)

This isn’t a question of ideal. The ideal is that there be a world with several levels of human roles (without ranking who is better than whom). Is there any reason that Israelites should become priests? Each person does his role, and then the world reaches its purpose.

Rational (Relatively) (2020-05-05)

Why are they not convincing?
Any gentile can convert if he wants, but he is not obligated to—for him to earn his right to exist, it is enough that he keep the 7 commandments, and that’s it.
It could be that it is enough for the Holy One, blessed be He, that there be one nation that dedicates its life to His service—and from the other nations He does not expect this; rather, He wants them all to be involved in settling and developing the world (morally, technologically, and scientifically). And Rashi already said that a gentile who keeps the Sabbath is liable to death because he is not engaged in the settlement of the world.
One can also say that the 7 commandments are the minimum required after humanity declined to a low state (and I’ll ask you: do you expect idolatrous African tribes steeped in promiscuity to manage to reach a state of keeping the 613 commandments? Let us pray that they at least meet the minimum of 7). To this very day, a huge part of the world still does not meet even that.
Indeed, Rabbi Sherki is occupied with spreading Torah to gentiles as part of his messianic vision (and as part of this work he permitted them in principle to take on Sabbath observance and the like, on the basis of the words of the Magen Avraham, for example).

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