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Q&A: Begins with Negligence and Ends with an Unavoidable Accident

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This is an English translation (via GPT-5.4). Read the original Hebrew version.

Begins with Negligence and Ends with an Unavoidable Accident

Question

In your column about causality, you wrote that the case of “it begins with negligence and ends with an unavoidable accident” is parallel, in terms of the guardian’s legal responsibility, to the logical causal component rather than the physical one. But seemingly, even in the logical component, the cause is a sufficient condition for the appearance of the effect, whereas in the case of “it begins with negligence and ends with an unavoidable accident,” the negligence is only a necessary condition and not a sufficient one (since it was not supposed to be stolen in the forest—but had you not been negligent, the event would not have happened. So A is not the cause of B; rather, the opposite of A is what prevents B).

Answer

Actual causality too is not parallel to damage. The law of one who causes damage does not apply only when the damager is a sufficient condition for the damage. For example, a guardian who opened the door of the cowshed and the ox went out and caused damage. Clearly, opening the door is not a sufficient condition, only a necessary one. The three cases there are an illustration of the division among the three components of causality. I think I pointed that out there (and perhaps it was in the lectures).

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