Question

Let us assume for the sake of the question that the Talmud had the status of the Great Court in Jerusalem. The Talmud made a scientific error and determined that a louse does not reproduce but is generated from dust, and on that basis ruled that it is permitted to kill lice on the Sabbath. The majority of the Jewish people followed it and killed lice on the Sabbath. Suppose a religious court today were to arise and determine, in light of new scientific findings, that a louse does reproduce and therefore it is forbidden to kill lice on the Sabbath. Would one need to bring the communal offering for an erroneous ruling because of the scientific mistake that led to carrying out the ruling permitting the killing of lice on the Sabbath, or is this considered coercion, so that the communal offering for an erroneous ruling is brought only for an error in halakhic analysis? And in general, when does one distinguish between a legitimate dispute and an error in analysis?