Q&A: Understandings in the Laws of the Foundations of the Torah
Understandings in the Laws of the Foundations of the Torah
Question
Hello Rabbi, I would like to hear your opinion regarding two questions that came to mind in the Laws of the Foundations of the Torah:
A. “[After the whole ‘formal’ description of the definition of God and the obligation of ‘knowing this matter’] — ‘And anyone who entertains the idea that there is another deity besides this One violates a prohibition.’ (Foundations of the Torah 1:4)
Is it correct to say that the problem is only recognizing an additional deity? If a person believes that ‘Baal’ is God, but understands the concept in exactly the same way as in the previous laws, does changing the name make it idolatry?
As I understand it, according to Maimonides God is only a concept, and it is not really possible to ‘name’ Him. If so, idolatry is only an error in the concept itself (for example, thinking there are two). What do you think?
B. “[After the descriptions of the Account of the Chariot and the Account of Creation] — And I say that one should not stroll in the orchard except one whose belly is filled with bread and meat. And this bread and meat is to know the explanation of what is forbidden and permitted… And a minor matter is the discussions of Abaye and Rava, yet they are still fit to be given precedence, because they first settle a person’s mind. And also because they are the great good that the Holy One, blessed be He, bestowed for the ordering of this world, in order to inherit the life of the World to Come. And it is possible that everyone may know them, young and old, man and woman, one of broad understanding and one of limited understanding.”
People usually understand “the discussions of Abaye and Rava” as Talmudic-halakhic analysis. But from the end of Maimonides’ words it seems that these are things accessible to everyone.
Therefore I suggested, tentatively, that he means knowledge of the way the commandments are fulfilled, that is, the Mishneh Torah (according to Maimonides’ view that his book is sufficient to answer any halakhic question). And the phrase “they settle a person’s mind” perhaps means peace of mind in the sense of being free of distractions, because an ideal halakhic person acts according to Jewish law in a ‘rational’ way (that is, without emotional bias). What do you think?
Answer
A. Obviously the name is not what causes it. But why choose a different name from the One by which He was revealed to us?
B. Clearly he means the bottom line in practical Jewish law, and even that only for someone who accepts Maimonides’ rulings and does not need to analyze things independently. Otherwise there is no doubt that it is not accessible to everyone. The discussions of Abaye and Rava are the Talmud, and any child can learn it as it is. In-depth analysis is a different story.