חדש באתר: עוזר בינה מלאכותית המבוסס על כתביו ושיעוריו של הרב מיכאל אברהם

Q&A: A Valley and Two Baskets

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This is an English translation (via GPT-5.4). Read the original Hebrew version.

A Valley and Two Baskets

Question

Have a good week, Rabbi,
In tractate Pesachim 9a, there appears a series of doubts regarding the search for leaven. The second doubt mentioned is:
Two piles, one of matzah and one of leaven, and before them two houses, one that has been searched and one that has not been searched. Then two mice came, one took matzah and one took leaven, and we do not know which entered this house and which entered that house — this is the case of two baskets. As we learned in the Mishnah: Two baskets, one of ordinary produce and one of terumah, and before them two se’ahs, one of ordinary produce and one of terumah, and these fell into those — they are permitted, for I say: the ordinary produce fell into the ordinary produce, and the terumah fell into the terumah.
And the fourth doubt mentioned is:
A doubt whether it entered, a doubt whether it did not enter — this is the case of a valley, and it depends on the dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis. As we learned in the Mishnah: One who enters a valley during the rainy season, when there is impurity in a certain field, and says: I walked in such-and-such a place, but I do not know whether I entered that field or whether I did not enter it. Rabbi Eliezer rules him pure, and the Sages rule him impure. For Rabbi Eliezer would say: a doubt about entering is pure; a doubt about contact with impurity is impure.
My question is: what is the difference between these two types of doubt? After all, in the second case too we ultimately have a doubt whether it entered or not entered (and therefore it would seem comparable to the valley case), and in the fourth case one could also be lenient as in the case of two baskets and say, “I say the mouse did not enter” (and according to the Sages as well).
Best regards,

Answer

The Maggid Mishneh on Laws of Leaven and Matzah 2:12 raises this question:
And it is difficult for me according to our Rabbi’s view, for it has already been explained above that if it certainly entered one house, but it is not known into which of the two houses it entered, then neither of them requires searching. If so, it would seem all the more so that where it is not known whether it entered at all, it should not require searching. And I can answer that there, certainly there is one house that it did not enter; therefore with regard to each one, we attribute it and say: this is the one it did not enter, and it was the other one that it entered. And you cannot require both of them to be searched, since there is one that certainly was not entered. But here the doubt is about one house, and because the search for leaven is from the outset based on doubt, they ruled this doubt stringently, as I wrote above. This seems right to me.
See there in the Frankel edition’s reference volume; I am sure there are additional discussions.

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