Q&A: Logic and Quantifiers
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Logic and Quantifiers
Question
If there is no Torah, there is no proper conduct; if there is no proper conduct, there is no Torah. If there is no flour, there is no Torah; if there is no Torah, there is no flour. Does that mean there is an equivalence between Torah, proper conduct, and flour?
Answer
A logical equivalence, yes, but not a conceptual identity. Logical equivalence concerns only truth values. That is, if the statement “there is flour” is true, then the statement “there is Torah” is also true, and vice versa. But that does not mean that flour causes Torah or is identical to it. It only means that they come together.