Question

Hello Rabbi,
You are often asked the following question, but I have not come across a real, systematic answer to it.
Seemingly, the religious claim is not a scientific claim—because it does not make falsifiable claims (Karl Popper).
But even so, there are a few cases in which religion does make predictions that can be tested. And in those cases, it seems that the predictions do not occur.
If so:

1. Would you expect to give extra weight to the difficulties that arise from there, or not?
2. If not, how do you manage to reconcile these things—when many times that is not the plain meaning?
3. What happens if you could not see a way to reconcile the difficulty—would you regard it as a refutation? And what would be your conclusion about religion?

 
There are many examples of this, scattered throughout the Torah, such as “so that it may go well with you,” “and you will prolong your days,” “and it shall be, if you surely listen…” “so that your days may be lengthened,” and so on.
And likewise from the Prophets, Jewish law, and aggadic literature, such as tithes, etc.