Q&A: Psychophysics
Originally published:
This is an English translation (via GPT-5.4). Read the original Hebrew version.
Psychophysics
Question
Hello Rabbi!
I’m interested in learning more about the body-mind topic (psychophysics, if I understand correctly) and about dualism.
I’d be happy to get reading directions from you—both thinkers and researchers whom you think are worth listening to, and references to columns/articles/books you’ve written on this topic.
Thank you very much
Answer
I don’t have sources. You can browse around online. I devoted part of The Science of Freedom to this, and also Human as the Grass of the Field.
I can suggest the Michi-bot’s answer:
Here is the text after cleaning problematic characters and preserving the links (I replaced special dashes, smart quotes, and decorative symbols with regular characters, and converted the references at the end into direct links within the text):
Hi!
A short disclosure: the answers are given by a model trained on the writings of Rabbi Michael Abraham and trying to reconstruct what he would have answered. This should not be taken as a practical halakhic ruling. And it’s advisable to make sure you’re using the GPT-5 Thinking model.
Here is a short roadmap for studying body-mind (the psychophysical problem) and dualism, with reading directions both outside the beit midrash and from the Rabbi’s own writings:
# First of all – what does the map look like?
* **Interactionist dualism**: a non-physical mind and a physical body that affect one another. This is the line the Rabbi tends toward; he emphasizes that the explanatory gap is not a paradox but a lack of knowledge that can be given a methodological framework, and that one can decide philosophically in favor of the existence of an independent mental component even without a “physical model” of the influence.
* **Materialism/physicalism** (in several versions), **emergentism**, **idealism**, and **panpsychism** – the alternative positions worth knowing in order to see the whole picture.
# Where should you start in the Rabbi’s writings?
1. **Human as the Grass of the Field** – the section on body-mind and the parts of the soul
The book presents the question “Who performs the mental act – the brain or the soul?”, places the findings of neuroscience beneath philosophical determinations, and explains why deciding on the existence of an independent mental component is philosophical rather than empirical. In the conclusion he explicitly writes that the result is **interactionist dualism**.
2. **The Science of Freedom** – the closing chapters
Here you’ll see the connection to free choice: free will becomes more plausible mainly within an interactionist-dualist picture, along with criticism of the inference that “physicalism -> determinism.”
3. **Supplementary readings on the site (concise and focused):**
* **The Problem of Dualism** – formulation of the difficulty and the way to answer it. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **Critiques of Dualism** – response to typical objections (body-mind identity, causality, etc.). (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **Dualism and the Use of Matter** – how does “will” act in the body? (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9-%D7%91%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **The Psychophysical Problem** – is this an “unsolvable problem”? On its methodological character. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **Consciousness** and **Consciousness and Its Advantage** – on defining consciousness and its role. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%94/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **Idealism versus Dualism** – how to choose between the frameworks. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
* **A Systematic Look at Free Will** – a framework for the brain-will-mind connection. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%98-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
# Suggested study structure (short and efficient)
1. **Basic reading:**
* *Human as the Grass of the Field* – in the chapters on “neuroscience” and the introduction to the section “parts of the soul.”
* *The Science of Freedom* – the last two chapters on dualism/physicalism and freedom.
2. **Specific grounding on the site:** go through
The Problem of Dualism (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
The Psychophysical Problem (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
Dualism and the Use of Matter (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A9-%D7%91%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
3. **General philosophical deepening:** (see list of thinkers below) in order to place the Rabbi’s positions against the major schools.
# Thinkers/books worth “hearing out” (divided by camps)
* **Interactionist dualism:** R. Descartes, K. Popper and J. Eccles (*The Self and Its Brain*).
* **Dualism/weak emergentism (property dualism):** D. Chalmers (*The Conscious Mind*), F. Jackson (“Mary’s Room”), N. Block.
* **Panpsychism:** Galen Strawson, Philip Goff (*Galileo’s Error*).
* **Biological naturalism/functionalism:** John Searle (*The Rediscovery of the Mind*), Hilary Putnam.
* **Materialism/eliminativism (for critique):** D. Dennett (*Consciousness Explained*), Paul and Patricia Churchland.
* **Short must-read classic:** Thomas Nagel, “What is it like to be a bat?”
# Psychophysics (in the empirical sense)
Alongside the metaphysical discussion, it’s worth going through classical psychophysics as well (Weber-Fechner, Stevens) – especially in Hebrew: **Daniel Algom, “Psychophysics” (Open University broadcast series)**. The Rabbi himself refers people there in his answers. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%A8%D7%91-%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9D-%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%9D-%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
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If you want, I’d be happy to build you a weekly syllabus with precise reading excerpts (pages/sections) and discussion topics.
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### Sources used in the answer
**Posts/responsa on the Rabbi’s site**
The Problem of Dualism. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
Critiques of Dualism. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
Dualism and the Use of Matter. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A9-%D7%91%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
The Psychophysical Problem. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
Consciousness; Consciousness and Its Advantage. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%94/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
Idealism versus Dualism. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
A Systematic Look at Free Will. (https://mikyab.net/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%98-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F/?utm_source=chatgpt.com">https://mikyab.net/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%98-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9F/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)
**The Rabbi’s books**
*Human as the Grass of the Field* – the sections on body-mind and the parts of the soul.
*The Science of Freedom* – the concluding chapters on dualism/freedom.
*For a deeper and more accurate picture, it is recommended to consult the cited sources.*
Want me to elaborate on a particular point, or present additional sources/follow-up questions?