There are a few questions here:
A] Why did most of the geniuses of all generations think that religion is one big joke?
B] As time goes on, more findings keep appearing that show there was no Exodus from Egypt, as the questioner asked.
C] He also asked, rightly, that apparently Moses did not write the Torah, but rather a few Jews in the First Temple period did,
which, at least in my eyes, collapses the entire importance of the Torah.
How, after all this, can I keep the commandments when I do not know who wrote them, and invest my life in religion???
How can I rely on a 3,500-year-old tradition??? How does the Rabbi rely on it???

I see no point in discussing this collection of nonsense.

Jacob, thank you, but the Rabbi understood my question and even answered me.
Rabbi, I read the column, I saw the comments, and I agreed with those people, because it simply is not reasonable to me that so many people are mistaken, even though I understand how they arrived at their opinion, because they too have an explanation, so why am I better than they are?
Especially since they are the experts in most of the fields I mentioned above: Bible criticism, archaeology, neurology.
And also because even if I still agreed, there would still be room to say that even on this very claim there are dissenters, and if so I will forever keep my feet from dispute, because it creates for me a kind of infinite argument.
And Jacob, please do not comment.

I do not understand this strange insistence. You keep throwing around baseless assertions here, explaining that all the wise people think something, and then announcing that you do not understand how one can disagree with all the wise people.
These “experts” deal in fields where speculation is as plentiful as the sand on the seashore. Many of them do not know how to distinguish between professional determinations and personal opinions, as I have shown more than once. Beyond that, it is simply not true that they all agree with what you wrote.
It seems to me we have exhausted this.

The Rabbi did not understand my intention, and indeed we have exhausted it.

If there is no God, why do you care whether you are right or not?
And if all you care about is that you be right, then why are you bringing God into the matter?

Why is it that in an argument a person thinks he is right and not the other side, and especially in an argument involving billions it is impossible to know!!!
I simply agree with Judah Abraham in the clearest possible way. Why are we all so arrogant???
Why is it that when Reuven argues with Shimon, Levi and Judah do not know who is right, 50-50; Levi enters the discussion and it is as clear to him as it is to Shimon; Judah enters the discussion and it is as clear to him as it is to Reuven; [Reuven/Judah, Shimon/Levi] everyone is sure they are right, but what is striking is that Zebulun still is not sure who is right!!!! Only the people arguing are sure, and that is very puzzling!!!!!! It seems to me that it is arrogance to say: 3,000,000,000 people spoke, very wise people, and reached conclusion A, but to me and my friends [even if they are no less wise] it is clearly otherwise, and that is what is true. That is arrogance. Though apparently I am sawing off the branch I am sitting on, since the Rabbi does not agree with me, and nevertheless I think I am right. Unbelievable, what arrogance. [In this case, regardless of the argument, I need to rely on the Rabbi anyway, so in any event:]
I would be happy to know why the Rabbi wrote to Judah:
“I reject your underlying methodological assumption, namely, that one should form a position based on what smart people think. Smart people think in all directions and on all sides. You will get nowhere that way. You need to form a position for yourself.” What does that mean? Thanks.

So does anyone among the site members have any understanding of this topic?

Humility. The solution is humility.
Drop a navigator into the desert and he will tell you with great confidence which is the correct path to walk. He will walk it and say that anyone who does not walk it is destroying himself knowingly, and is certainly mistaken.
Drop an ordinary person into the desert, someone who has no idea how even to begin navigating, and then the smartest people who ever lived and who are alive now come and start expressing opinions about this desert you are stuck in, and they tell you: “Yes, we know how to find the direction that leads out of the desert. We were there too.” The problem is that their opinions are decisive, but divided. What do you do? That is up to your judgment. Admittedly, the desire to act on the basis of justified knowledge in such a case, I assume, beats less strongly within you. You understand that it is ridiculous to demand that. But that absurdity does not necessarily cancel your inner desire for justification of your path. But if, beyond the absurdity, you adopt humility—meaning that you truly are not supposed to solve a riddle on such a scale, neither you nor anyone else (in the analogy there are no professional navigators… only people pretending to be such)—then no one can cope, in terms of certain knowledge, in this terrible desert. You are supposed to begin walking in the desert with the hope that, from among all the considerations known to you, you chose correctly. In such an approach (at least on paper…) the need for certainty is not satisfied, but it dissolves. In the desert, as in the desert…

To the Resident of Plato's Cave,
Greetings!
I understand that your answer to our issue is that there is not really any need for knowledge [I hope I understood correctly after all the analogies, etc.].
The truth is that I already raised such a possibility in the responsa, “Why do I think I am right???” and this is its wording: “I ask whether one can infer from this that the Torah wants us to believe even without knowledge, since there are so many people who disagree with us and therefore apparently it is impossible to know???” But that is not the opinion of most of the medieval authorities (Rishonim), who say there is an obligation of knowledge, though there are some who say otherwise.
However, I ask you, dear Resident of Plato's Cave: can you keep the commandments and invest your life in religion when you have no idea whether there is a God????? Is that even possible????

You ask about “keeping the commandments and investing one’s life in religion”—you have moved from the technical plane to the practical one. I do not know a person whose motivation is rationality. Rationality only marks the boundaries of the space into which motivation bursts. Rabbi Michael Abraham says that faith is itself knowledge. I and the rest of Hebrew speakers recognize the distinction between those two concepts (see “faith” on Wikipedia).
You know that for practical observance there is no need whatsoever for philosophical knowledge, only for faith. Do you now want practical observance of the commandments? Believe and do not investigate. You have enough knowledge for that. Do not be afraid of the medieval authorities (Rishonim) who say to investigate. Today one can easily find that the reward of the philosopher is outweighed by his loss, and “it is a time to act for the Lord; they have voided Your Torah”… 🙂
Do you want to exert your mind on intellectual matters that interest you? Then find for this hobby a subject of study that cannot destroy something so important to you—a way of life. (I am proofreading this comment, and the last line looks so pathetic, banal, and conservative, but it is not. It is written out of personal pain. It can definitely happen to you too. After all, it is a way of life…)
Do you want to investigate in order to arrive at absolute truth? Do not be pathetic. Be humble.
You need something to work with. For that, an un-philosophizing understanding is enough, one that serves to prevent contradiction between understanding and practice, and the engine of practice is subjective motivation.
In your wording you revealed that “you have no idea whether there is a God?????” Okay, brother, if that is the situation, then it does not seem relevant. You are describing a child taken captive among non-Jews. Is that how you define it?! Do you really have no idea? Or do you not have an idea strong enough to satisfy the investigating intellect, even though under the right psychological conditions it would want the religious way of life?
With the blessing of: “And the boys grew up, and Esau became a man who knew hunting, a man of the field; but Jacob was a wholesome man, dwelling in tents.” It is in your hands how to grow Jacob.

If by the last sentence you meant, like the fools, that there is a requirement of simple faith, then your situation is bad!!!
And you have no clue about Hebrew at all!!! What does “a wholesome lamb” mean? A whole lamb without blemish. Therefore the verse “You shall be wholehearted with the Lord your God” means: be whole. That is obvious; there is nothing more to continue here.
And what you wrote: “You know that for practical observance there is no need whatsoever for philosophical knowledge, only for faith. Do you now want practical observance of the commandments? Believe and do not investigate. You have enough knowledge for that. Do not be afraid of the medieval authorities (Rishonim) who say to investigate. Today one can easily find that the reward of the philosopher is outweighed by his loss, and ‘it is a time to act for the Lord; they have voided Your Torah’… ?”
Those would have to be fitting words from the leading sage of the generation: “do not be afraid of the medieval authorities,” “it is a time to act for the Lord.” Let me remind you of your own words: “Humility—the solution is humility.” Internalize that!!!
And really, what you wrote: “In your wording you revealed, ‘you have no idea whether there is a God?????’ Okay, brother, if that is the situation, then it does not seem relevant. You are describing a child taken captive among non-Jews. Is that how you define it?! Do you really have no idea? Or do you not have an idea strong enough to satisfy the investigating intellect, even though under the right psychological conditions it would want the religious way of life?”
Are you serious?! That is what this responsa thread is about. Let us recall:
A] Since I have no reason to say that I am right and not the heretic, then it is impossible to know [even though you may possess an argument].
B] You come and say that there is no need to know.
C] I ask you: how can one keep the commandments without knowledge, if I do not know [because of A]?
D] You write to me that I revealed that in my opinion there is no God.
Tell me, are you messed up?
[Really, after such an exposure I am embarrassed to keep writing on the site.]
And the truth is that on the main point you did not answer: if because of A] I do not know, then how can I believe? [And because of A] this has a name: complete lack of knowledge!!!]
Everything you wrote, with all due respect, is a collection of nonsense!!! You just scrambled my brain.

With the blessing of the philosopher who saves all the residents from Plato's cave

I would be glad to hear more relevant answers, and only if there is really something to say.

Nice. You managed not to understand anything I wrote.