Q&A: Saadia Gaon on Skepticism
Saadia Gaon on Skepticism
Question
And the thirteenth approach is the approach of the fools.
These are people who, along with denying the sciences, also denied sense perception, and said that nothing at all has any truth — neither what is known by reason nor what is perceived by the senses.
And these are more foolish than all those previously mentioned. For just as when one says to them: Is it possible that a thing is eternal and not originated, or originated and not eternal, or both originated and eternal together, or neither originated nor eternal? they say: “Yes.”
So too, when you say to one of them: Is it possible that this person is a human and not a donkey, or a donkey and not a human, or both donkey and human together, or neither donkey nor human? he says: “Yes.”
And one whom foolishness has brought to this, or obstinacy has led into this state — there is no room to speak with him, and no point in arguing with him through analysis, for any proof you bring him he will deny, and will stubbornly oppose it with empty sophistry and exert himself in absurd exaggerations.
About such people Scripture says:
The contentious one reveals himself in every sound undertaking.
And it also says:
Do not speak in the ears of a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words.
And one who speaks with them analytically, and says to them: You said through knowledge that there is no knowledge — or was it through ignorance? is laboring in vain, for in their view analysis has no truth.
Rather, the way to deal with these people — may God have mercy on you — is to starve them until hunger pains them, to make them thirsty until thirst burns within them, and to strike them with painful blows until they weep and cry out. And when they speak and admit to hunger, thirst, and blows, they have thereby admitted the reality of sense perception. And when they accept food, drink, and relief through them, they have admitted the first principle that follows from sense perception. And we should not stop, but continue leading them from one matter to the next until we bring them to complete knowledge, and instruct them through it that things are originated. But if they do not admit these things, one must completely despair of reforming them; and about them Scripture says:
Though you crush a fool in a mortar among grain with a pestle, his folly will not depart from him.
Do you agree with what he says?
Answer
Do I agree that someone who denies perception and cognition has no remedy? Yes.