Question

Hello and blessings,
Your approach regarding secular Jews nowadays, in relation to the law of “do not place a stumbling block” and the like, is that basically they are not included in the transgression at all, because in the past heresy was a matter of will, but once it becomes an intellectual and cognitive matter—where they simply do not believe—then they are not subject to the commandment. And therefore one is not really causing them to stumble in anything. 
Apparently Rabbi Kook solves the difficulty much more easily. Rabbi Kook argues that everything the Sages said about heretics and the like applies when they make the opposite claim with certainty. But when there are doubts, and they do not sufficiently accept the religious claim merely because of doubt, that is not called heresy. And since, as is well known, it is always really a claim of doubt (it seems to me that Russell or another well-known atheist said that he was defined as an agnostic but de facto an atheist), once someone asserts the opposite claim with certainty he is wicked, and this returns to the issue of will (because one cannot arrive at such an intellectual conclusion). What do you think of this solution? 
These are Rabbi Kook’s relevant words:
“And as for the practical law: know that although it is a complete prohibition and an evil affliction even for one who doubts and entertains thoughts against the words of complete faith, nevertheless we do not find that the Sages applied the status of a heretic except to one who denies—that is, one who decisively concludes the opposite. And such a decisive conclusion of the opposite cannot be found at all among Israel in any person who is not a complete wicked person and one who knowingly lies. For even the greatest wickedness can do no more than cast the blemish of doubt upon the weak-minded; and therefore, one who brazenly says that he denies with certainty is an absolute wicked person, who justly would deserve to be judged by all the laws that are explicitly stated, and there is no claim here that his heart compelled him.” (Letters of Ra’ayah I, Letter 20)