The problem of animal suffering
Hello Rabbi,
Recently I started thinking about a slightly different kind of evil problem, one that is hardly addressed at all.
After some investigation, I discovered that this is a distinct theological problem, called “The Problem of Animal Suffering.” I tried to find an answer to it in various places, but it seems that it does not exist. Recently, I came across the claim that this is the greatest problem of Judeo-Christian theology, and the main basis for moral criticism of it.
And here is the question:
Why did God create the world so that living beings must kill each other to survive? After all, it is a built-in moral injustice in the basic characteristics of existence, something that could have been avoided, and it is not clear what its purpose is (3 billion bloody years of evolution of endless predators and prey). It is not a choice of humans with free will for evil, but a compulsion of creatures to act immorally in order to survive.
In my opinion, in dividing between a problem and a question on the subject of the problem of evil, this is a problem.
Because it is not an evil that accompanies a system that is based on good (evil that stems from goodness) like the evil that stems from free choice, or from rigid laws.
This is about an evil that is built into the system, not one that accompanies a greater good.
It's not that a lion sometimes chooses to eat zebras. He *must* eat them in order to survive. Doing evil was forced upon him.
There does not seem to be a satisfactory general explanation for the existence of immense suffering, one that turns the problem into a question.
The important point is the a priori question.
I suggest you imagine two possible worlds.
One is created and governed by a morally perfect God (with logical limitations of course); the other is governed by blind legalism and evolution.
Which world better explains (on a moral level) the existence of evil in the world?
In the classic problem of evil, which concerns humans, the answer is not at all simple. It is difficult to propose a system that operates without existing evil, and yet contains all the necessary good (such as free choice and a rigid system that can be predicted), so it is reasonable to assume that this is a question that has an answer that our limited knowledge prevents us from knowing.
In the problem of evil concerning animals, the situation is the opposite. It is very easy to think of a different creative process, one that leads to the same result (living beings with consciousness and a body adapted to their environment), and it is very difficult (even impossible) to think of any advantage resulting from the evolutionary creative process, a process *based* on suffering and cruelty, which are the main engines driving it.
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