חדש באתר: NotebookLM עם כל תכני הרב מיכאל אברהם. דומה למיכי בוט.

Q&A: Questions

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Originally published:
This is an English translation (via GPT-5.4). Read the original Hebrew version.

Questions

Question

Hello Rabbi,
I’ll try to keep this short.
I’m a 20-year-old woman, with a great many doubts and thoughts about faith. For a long time already, I’ve thought that it’s not at all obligatory to believe that the Torah is true, and I’m more or less drifting away from religious observance… I was born into a Haredi home.
I tried asking, reading, but it doesn’t help… I have tons of questions, and I don’t think there’s anyone who can answer them, and because of that I’m wondering whether God even exists at all—and if He does, then apparently my religious situation doesn’t interest Him, and people are just projecting religion and the Torah onto Him. (Meaning, maybe He is only the force of harmony and order in nature.)
I think people can be persuaded very easily. And the proof is that people usually remain like their families are—the same sector, the same beliefs… whether Haredi, religious, atheism, evolution, Buddhism….. But I don’t let people fool me. And so I don’t believe in anything. I’m not taking any side. Everything is in doubt.
At the moment I’m not moving in a religious direction. I still wear skirts out of habit, and because I’m still living at my parents’ house and don’t have the energy to fight with my mother. But day by day I have more questions, and the despair is growing too.
I’m going off the path little by little only because of the doubts. 
I already tried talking to people, reading things… nothing helped. 
And it won’t help if you bring me proofs for the existence of God or for the truth of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), because for every argument you can bring a counterargument with a little cleverness and searching. There are many theories/beliefs in the world. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), Christianity, atheism. Why should I believe דווקא in your path? Because of a few arguments you make? Because I read a persuasive book? There are arguments and books for other religions too, and for different outlooks and philosophies; Judaism doesn’t have anything beyond that. I was just born into it for some reason. In the end everyone chooses what they believe more in. And so it comes out that you can’t know with certainty which belief is the truest, because it’s subjective.
In any case, I’m not sure of anything anymore, so I’m still looking into it. I’m still not totally hopeless… including asking rabbis, because I want at least to try. I wanted to see whether you might be able to help me. I have a great deal more to say, and unfortunately there’s no one to help, as I mentioned. In any case, thank you for taking the time to read this. I’d be glad if you would answer anyway.
Thank you.
 
 
 

Answer

Hello Ruth.
You’ve asked several weighty and very general questions. It’s very hard for me to address them here in the detail they deserve. If you’d like, I’d be happy to meet and discuss them calmly. Even at this stage I’ll say that I disagree with several of the assumptions that seem self-evident to you, as emerges from what you wrote here.
But there is one point that is important to clarify already now, as a condition for any inquiry you undertake. If you reject every argument and every claim in advance, even before finding any flaw in them, merely because there may be opposing arguments, then there really is no point to your search and inquiry. Think about it: what can you hope to find in your search besides persuasive arguments? Suppose you come to speak with me and ask questions. What could you expect me to answer? All I can do is present various arguments that lead to certain conclusions. There is no other way to conduct an inquiry. If you reject every argument out of hand without examining it, then what is the point of talking? Such an approach leads to complete skepticism. By the way, I mean skepticism in all areas of life, not only in matters of faith.
I advocate a different starting point. I completely agree that a person should examine things as far as he is able, and not accept things just because that is how he was educated or because someone or some people say them. I also think that none of us can reach certainty in any area of life, and certainly not in the realm of faith, and therefore there is also no need and no demand to reach such certainty. One must arrive at the position that seems most reasonable in one’s own eyes. The outlook according to which the only thing left is to become an essential skeptic who is unwilling to accept any argument or any claim is absurd. My claim is that you should examine every position and every argument according to your own understanding, but not deny the very possibility of carrying out such an examination. Arguments in which you yourself find no flaw, after checking as best you can and consulting whomever you think appropriate, you should accept; and arguments with which you do not agree, you should reject.
And again, if you encounter argument X and find no flaw in it, but reject it only because of the assumption that if you look hard enough you’ll surely find counterarguments, that undermines your ability to reach any conclusion in any field whatsoever, and in my opinion there is also no philosophical justification for this at all. (I dealt with this a bit in my recent columns here on the site; perhaps you’d find them interesting to read—especially column 247.) The fact that others think differently is of no significance, except perhaps as a reason to reexamine the arguments in order to make sure that they really do persuade us. But the person himself must make his own decisions and formulate his own positions. No one else can or should do that in his place.

Discussion on Answer

Michi (2019-10-19)

The main thing I forgot: my phone number is 052-3320543. Or by email: mikyab@gmail.com

K (2019-10-19)

This can be added to the refutations in modern times:
after the understanding that girls don’t take an interest in matters of faith, suddenly a girl comes and asks questions about faith. Here is a wonderful example of K. Popper’s principle of falsification.

Why, from a didactic standpoint, didn’t the honored Rabbi point her to the faith notebooks here on the site?

B. (2019-10-19)

Wow, I really salute the Rabbi’s answer. Every time מחדש I’m amazed by the beauty and clarity of the Rabbi’s thought. It’s a pleasure to read responses like this to questions of this kind. If only there were more like the Rabbi in Israel!

Shai Zilberstein (2019-10-19)

K,
the very fact that there is one case that apparently refutes the theory doesn’t mean the theory should be abandoned entirely, only that it should be revised and adjusted to fit the case, no?
And anyway, one could argue that the problem is not with the theory but with its realization in practice (ah, oops, then it isn’t falsifiable… whoops)
?

Michi (2019-10-19)

To make a long story even longer, I’ll just add that Popper’s criterion determines the scientific status of a theory. But Popper didn’t determine that a contrary case refutes the generalization itself. There isn’t the slightest connection here to Popper’s criterion.
And also regarding the question of whether my theory was refuted or not—it clearly wasn’t. I didn’t say there are no women who are interested, only that it’s a very small minority. There have already been such women here in the past. It reminds me of Letter 2 of Rabbi Shach regarding the Entebbe operation (see column 87).

Michi (2019-10-19)

I didn’t refer her to the notebooks because what’s needed here is some preliminaries about certainty, skepticism, and willingness to examine. She wrote that arguments for the existence of God wouldn’t help her anyway, so what would be the point of referring her to the notebooks?!

Boaz (2019-10-20)

I’d be happy to join or receive the conversation that will take place between you; she’s not the only one here…

Michi (2019-10-20)

You’re welcome to coordinate as well.

Haim (2019-10-20)

And while we’re on the subject, it seems the wide range of answers on faith should be gathered into a category of their own, maybe even into a file or a book—for the benefit of the wider public. The Rabbi has no idea how beneficial his answers are.

Michi (2019-10-20)

That’s what the notebooks and the trilogy are for.

Haim (2019-10-20)

Yes, but there’s something about short, focused answers as opposed to long notebooks and books. And the Rabbi’s article about Abraham our Patriarch, “In Praise of Begging the Question,” which was written as a dialogue, is exceptional in that respect.

Michi (2019-10-20)

The first two books in the trilogy are in dialogue form.

. (2019-10-20)

If there’s a group conversation (debate?) with Ruth as moderator, I’d be happy to join as part of the audience.

M (2019-10-20)

Haim — a large portion of the answers in this spirit exists on the site of the Yedaya Institute (https://www.knowingfaith.co.il). Indeed, there are some things there with a somewhat more conservative approach than Rabbi Michi’s, and there’s no discussion there of issues such as renewal of Jewish law, but there is a very comprehensive, high-level response there to most foundational issues, with an approach more open than is customary in our circles.

Obviously (2019-10-21)

All in all, you still just haven’t met the person who can fool you well enough for your level.

Eliezer (2019-10-22)

Agreed. A person who is not learned and well-trained cannot search for persuasive reasons, because he knows that anyone can smear things over for him, and he has no choice but to place trust in some kind of system. And if he doubts the system of the tradition of his forefathers and rabbis, then if he is honest with himself he has no real ability to clarify these truths for himself by means of reasons and proofs, since every side can do so in a good and satisfying way—as we see among members of the various religions and sects, who succeed in persuading and drawing crowds after them [some of whom are not foolish at all].

Eliezer (2019-10-27)

Regarding what you answered Ruth, I’d like to understand: after all, in the article you cited in your answer you wrote that only when there are two equal peers is there room for the claimant to push back and say that the other is closed-minded or biased and remain certain of his own position. But when the argument is between a skilled, experienced professional and a raw person lacking experience and knowledge, it is clear that his opinion carries little weight against that of the professional. Accordingly, Ruth asks that since she is neither skilled nor knowledgeable nor experienced, and in this dispute the greatest experts, most talented people, and most knowledgeable people of all generations are standing and arguing among themselves about who is right, and each one is certain that the other is mistaken—how can she, a small and insignificant person, form an opinion on such a matter? And should she remain religious only because that’s what she was born into, or only because the person she happened to encounter with her questions is a rabbi and not a priest or a mufti?

[And all this without repeating what I already asked you there: that the same bias he attributes to his colleague, he must suspect in himself as well, and again he has no rational basis to rely on his own opinion more than on that of his peer.]

Michi (2019-10-27)

Part of the decision is whom to trust. In this case she has no choice but to make the decision herself. A person can form an impression of who is more persuasive, especially when he examines one side’s arguments with the other side and gets answers. In a case where one conducts such an inquiry, it is possible to bridge the gap created by lack of skill and talent.
For this same reason, the Amoraim allow themselves to decide in disputes among Tannaim even though they have no authority to disagree with a Tanna. And likewise the medieval authorities (Rishonim) with respect to the Amoraim. There is no choice.

Yehuda (2019-11-03)

A tremendous feeling of identification accompanied me while reading Ruth’s words.
I’m a 25-year-old man, and what she describes here has been eating me up inside for several years. It’s just that despite endless attempts, conversations, drafts, and meetings, I never managed to express the situation in such a clear and precise way.
Thank you for this nice verbal sculpting of a reality in which the inability to trust any piece of information coming from inside the home or from outside gives rise to emotional upheaval that doesn’t stop for a moment.

Yehuda (2019-11-04)

In his answer to Ruth, the Rabbi wrote: “If you reject every argument and every claim in advance, even before finding any flaw in them, merely because there may be opposing arguments, then there really is no point to your search and inquiry.”
I think that may be what Ruth is trying to say. There really is no point in any inquiry we conduct if in the end what remains is the knowledge that what I think “is only my opinion,” and that it has no real objective value.
In other words, what the Rabbi says does not really solve the problem she is in, but rather sharpens it.
I hope I explained myself well…

Michi (2019-11-04)

You explained yourself excellently, and it turns out that I too explained myself not badly. The proof is that you understood. From such a starting point, there really is no point in clarifying or discussing anything. I do not agree with that starting point (and I also referred to my recent columns on the site that deal with this issue), but that’s a different opera.
Of course, the conclusion that there is no point discussing anything is also your conclusion, and as such it is not certain that it is correct. But there is no point discussing that either. In short, we should be silent.

Yehuda (2019-11-04)

I understand. But what is the problem with that conclusion? Maybe the truth really is that we should be silent?
As I wrote before, I’ve been struggling with myself over this point for years and haven’t managed to give it a name.
The recent columns really do deal with this issue. But what is this issue? How is it defined in professional language?

Michi (2019-11-04)

There is no problem except that in my opinion it isn’t true.
I mentioned there that this is called peer disagreement.

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