Q&A: Scales
Scales
Question
A question not so closely related to the site, but I thought you might know the answer (I asked a lot of people and searched online and there was no answer). Do scales balance when equal weights are placed on both sides if they start from an unequal initial position? If so, why? After all, seemingly the force of gravity is applied to each pan with equal intensity.
Answer
This is a question that is related to the site, since it comes up in the Talmudic passage about the obligation to tip the scale a handbreadth in Bava Batra 88b, and there in the Talmud. It is indeed a puzzling passage, and many years ago I went around with it among the great rabbis of Bnei Brak and did not receive a satisfactory answer.
This of course depends on how the scales are built. If the scales are a horizontal bar with two pans hanging from its two ends, then they should remain wherever you place them (and not balance into a horizontal line), since the forces and torques are equal on both sides in any position. But as I recall, Rashbam there explains that the scales are built in the shape of a chet (that is, there is a slight drop downward on both sides), and if so then they should balance horizontally. But there are other medieval authorities in which it appears that we are talking about a straight bar, and then this is simply a mistake.
For clarification, it's worth watching the video at this link, which explains how scales work (when they are not just a straight line): https://davidson.weizmann.ac.il/online/maagarmada/physics/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D-2