Question

Hello Rabbi,
Recently I heard that there is an Israeli professor of physics who proposed an alternative theory to Newton's laws of gravity that could explain the rotational speed of stars around galaxies without resorting to dark matter.
Broadly speaking, although Newton's laws predict that the rotational speed of stars should decrease as the distance from the center of the galaxy increases, it turns out that the speeds remain almost constant—the rotation curves are described as "flat." This observation requires at least one of the following two conclusions:
(1) There are large amounts of invisible matter in galaxies, which increase the speed of the stars beyond what could be expected from the visible mass alone, or
(2) Newton's laws do not apply to galaxies.

I would be curious to hear which of the two options above you tend toward, and why.
Best regards,