Does a rabbi's ruling on the law of money resolve a person's issues regarding the laws of heaven?

Does a rabbi's ruling on the law of money resolve a person's issues regarding the laws of heaven?
For this matter, a certain person is debating whether he is allowed to accept a certain future receipt or not.
A certain person goes to his rabbi and asks him, and his rabbi rules that it is permissible.
For the purpose of this matter, Rabbi was mistaken, and so-and-so does not know, and so-and-so may discover this in a higher court.
It is clear that in human law that person is exempt (at least from a halakhic perspective), the question is whether that person is exempt in the laws of heaven, or must he take the extreme step and forgo that future acceptance?
And in general, should a person be harsh in all human affairs with his fellow man, or does a rabbi's ruling resolve it according to the laws of heaven?