Answer

One of the interpretive principles is: transpose the verse and expound it that way (see Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra 119b, and elsewhere). There are sometimes situations in which the verse is read differently from the way it is written. For example: “You are about to lie with your fathers, and this people will rise up and go astray after the foreign gods of the land…” The Sages expound it as: “You are about to lie with your fathers and rise up,” from here deriving resurrection of the dead from the Torah. There are other examples as well. The question of when such an interpretation is made probably depends on difficulties in the straightforward reading or on alternatives that were not adopted. With the cantillation marks it is easier, because they are not part of the Torah itself but of a tradition transmitted orally, and it is not clear exactly when they came into being.
In the case you mentioned, it seems to me that a connecting word is missing: “and afterward you shall bring a new meal offering to the Lord.” Or: “and on the fiftieth day you shall bring…” The Sages conclude that apparently the verse should be read differently (that is, differently as well. The plain meaning remains in place, but alongside it there is also an interpretive reading, and the Torah intended to direct us to that too).